________________ 01. General Meaning Namo Arihantanam I bow to the Arihantas (Tirthankars) who have reached enlightenment by conquering or eliminating all their Kashaya (vices) such as anger, ego, deceit, greed, and inner weaknesses, who have attained Keval-Jnana which means they have destroyed four Ghati karma and possess infinite knowledge, vision, bliss, and power. They have also shown the path of liberation to the lay people that brings their cycles of birth, life, and death to an end. Namo Siddhanam I bow to the Siddhas or liberated souls that have attained the state of perfection and immortality after the attainment of Keval-Jnana and after completing their current duration of life, thereby achieving total freedom from all karma. In this way they have completely ended the cycle of birth, life, and death. By destroying all 8 types of karmas Siddhas acquire 8 unique attributes of their soul. They are as follows: Anant Jnan Infinite knowledge Anant Darshan Infinite perception Avyabadha Sukha Eternal happiness Anant Charitra Perfect conduct Akshaya Sthiti Immortality Arupitva Formlessness Aguru Laghutva No Social Status Anant Virya Infinite Power and Energy Namo Ayariyanam I bow to the Acharyas, who head the order, and who preach the principles of religion by showing us the path of liberation, i.e., the path of Right Conviction or Faith, Right Knowledge, and Right Conduct. Namo Uvajjhayanam I bow to the Upadhyays, who are the religious scholars and guides of the scriptures. They explain to us the true nature of the soul and karma, their relationship, and the importance of our spiritual lives over our material lives. Namo Loe Savva Sahunam I bow to all ascetics who strictly follow the five great vows of conduct and inspire us to live a simple life. The five vows are: Ahimsa (Nonviolence and Compassion), Satya (Truthfulness), Asteya (Non-stealing), Brahmacharya (Chastity), and Aparigraha (Non-possessiveness and Non-attachment) Eso Pancha Namukkaro To these five types of great souls, I offer my obeisance.