On Quadruple Division Of Yogasastra

SR No.: 269542
Original Sutra Author: N/A
Author: A Wezler
Publisher: A Wezler
Total Pages: 25
Language: English
Classification: Article
File Size: 5 MB

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A. Wezler
that it fully warrants Oldenberg's remark that it compares quite expressly the four truths to the quadruple medical teaching of disease, its origin, its healing [and] the prevention of its resurgence». For what Yasomitra says is:
vyādhim dṛṣṭveti. vyadhir duḥkha-satyasyopamānam, tannidänam samudaya-satyasya. tat-kşayo nirodha-satyasya. tadbhesajam margasatyasyopamanam H. sütre 'py eşa satyanam drstämta iti. Vyadhyadi. sütre, katham. caturbhir amgaiḥ samanvägato bhişak salyapahartă rajarhaś ca bhavati raja-yogyaś ca rajangatve ca samkhyam gac chati", katamais caturbhiḥ, abadha-kušalo bhavati, abadha-samutthana-kusalaḥ. abadha-prahana-kušalaḥ. prahinasya cabädhasyaya. tyam anutpada-kušalaḥ, evam eva caturbhir amgaiḥ samanvägatas Tathagato 'rhan samyak-sambuddho 'nuttaro bhisak" salyapahariety ucyate. katamais caturbhiḥ. iha bhikṣavas Tathagato 'rhan samyaksambuddha idam duḥkham arya-satyam iti yathabhatam prajānāti. ayam duḥkha-samudayah. ayam duḥkha-nirodhaḥ, iyam duḥkhanirodha-gamini pratipad arya-satyam iti yathabhutam prajānātīti.
As stated by de la Vallée Poussin" the Sütra referred to by Vasu bandhu and quoted by Yasomitra is d'après la version de Hiuan-Tsang,
82. Loc. cit., cf. fn. 65.
83. I quote from Sphutärtha Abhidharmakosavyäkhyä by Yasomitra, ed. by U. Wogihara, Tokyo, 1971, p. 514 f.; see, however, fn. 85. Mr. Yoshifumi Honjo whom I met at the XXXI CISHAAN in Japan kindly drew my attention to the fact that a more complete quotation from that very Satra is found in Samathadeva's Abhidharmakosapayika, viz. Peking Tanjur, Thu 32 b 6 ff.
84. From sütre 'py esa onwards this passage is also quoted by DE LA VALLÉE POUSSIN, in note 4 on p. 121, of his translation, L'Abhidharmakosa de Vasubandhu traduit et annoté..., cinquième et sixième chapitres, Paris, 1925, the final part, however, being abbreviated, viz. iha bhiksavas tathdgato... idam duḥkham dryasatyam iti yathabhatan prajānāti...
85. In his article (cf. fn. 79) de la Vallée Poussin reads vyddhisütre; the reading as given by Wogihara is, however, also found in the footnote in de la Vallée Poussin's translation of the Abhidharmakosa, and has to be accepted as correct; interpret: in the Sütra (dealing with) disease [cause of disease], etc. ».
86. The MS has here (and infra) kalpäpah'; the emendation, proposed also by de la Vallée Poussin in his article and accounted for by the remark I suppose that the old Nepalese ligature has been misunderstood by a modern copyist, is most convincing, not only because of the Tibetan equivalent, viz. zug-rňu 'byin-pa, but also and above all in view of the Päli parallels (see above p. 316 and fn. 75). 87. The following sentences up till dbddha-prahana-kusalah are in Wogihara's edition printed in italics and thus characterized as a quotation. This cannot but be a mistake, for evidently the quotation from the Vyadhyadisütra», the beginning of which is found already in the Kosa itself, extends as far as yathabhutam prajänätiti, the iti indicating its completion, because the reference in the Koda is introduced by the remark sütre 'py esa eva satyanam drstanto darsitals this very analogy of the [Four Noble] Truths is shown also in a Sûtra».
88. In his article de la Vallée Poussin reads anuttarabhisak.
89. Viz. in the foot-note to his translation of the Abhidharmakosa referred to in fn. 84.
On the Quadruple Division of the Yogasastra
le Sütra du bon médecin; d'après Paramartha, le Sütra de la comparaison du médecin (Samyukta 15.19; 17.14). Unfortunately, de la Vallée Poussin does not give any further explanation on the identity of the « Sûtra du bon médecin ». His second reference, however, can be traced, namely with the help of the Hôbôgirin" where the relevant passage from the Samyuktagama as preserved in Chinese translation is rendered into French. It clearly shows a close similarity to the quotation by Yasomitra, but does not, on the other hand, seem to agree fully with it". On closer examination, however, it becomes evident that what Demié ville or one of his collaborators actually did was to give but a free paraphrase of the Chinese translation, intermingling later portions of the detailed explanation (vibhanga) with earlier parts of the Sütra. When the Chinese translation itself (T 99, no. 389) is compared with the Sanskrit text quoted by Yasomitra, one cannot but arrive at the conclusion that it is precisely this Sanskrit text that was translated by Guna. bhadra, i.e. that what Yasomitra quotes is in fact nothing else but this Sūtra of the Samyuktagama. The Chinese translator, however, seems to have read rajabhogyaś instead of rajayogyas and the Chinese text obviously contains a corruption, not recognized by Demiéville: the character standing between that denoting King and that equivalent
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90. I do not know which edition is referred to by de la Vallée Poussin; by the former reference, however, T 99, no. 344, might be meant and by the latter T 99, no. 389. In the latter passage three ailments are referred to, viz. kama, bhava. and avidya (roga, or a similar expression) (evidently under the influence of the three dsravas); however, it is not a comparison that is drawn here between the Four Noble Truths and medicine, but the concept of ailment is only used metaphorically in a context modelled after the Truths.
91. Viz. s.v. byd, p. 224 ff.
92. For according to Demiéville (loc. cit., p. 228) it runs thus: On appelle un grand roi des médecins celui qui réalise les quatre Essences suivantes: (1) Bien connaître la maladie, i.e. les différentes sortes de maladies...; (2) bien connaître l'origine de la maladie: due au Vent, ou au Flegme..., ou aux sécrétions salivaires.... aux différentes espèces de froid, à un fait actuel, à la saison...; (3) bien connaitre le Contrecarrant de la maladie: onguents, expectorants ou vomitifs..., évacuations infé rieures (purgatifs), instillations nasales..., fumigations.... sudorifiques...; (4) bien savoir traiter la maladie de telle façon qu'ayant été traitée il n'y ait aucun danger de récidive... de même. le Tg--Arhat-S s buddha, ce grand roi de médecins, réalise quatre vertus grâce auxquelles il soigne les maladies des Etres; en effet, il connalt les quatre Saintes Vérités: (1) de la Douleur...; (2) de la Formation de la Douleur....: (3) du Barrage de la Douleur...; (4) du Chemin de ce Barrage... Le médecin Mondain ne connait pas vraiment, tels qu'ils sont..., les Contrecarrant radicaux (fondamen taux), à savoir le Contrecarrant radical de la Naissance..., et celui de la Vieillesse, de la Maladie. de la Mort, du chagrin, des plaintes, des douleurs, des Tribulations...... The differences, marked here by italicizing the corresponding elements in the translations, are, on the other hand, of such a kind that (except perhaps for the final portion which may simply have been left out of his quotation by Yasomitra) they can easily be accounted for by the assumption that they represent but later additions of an explanatory character to a text which may well have been identical with that attested in the Abhidharmakośavyäkhya. See, however, also below p. 320. 92a. Viz. 436-443 A.D. according to E. LAMOTTE, Histoire du Bouddhisme Indien, Louvain, 1958, p. 169.