Soteriology In Early Jainism

SR No.: 269511
Original Sutra Author: N/A
Author: Klaus Bruhn
Publisher: Klaus Bruhn
Total Pages: 14
Language: English
Classification: Article
File Size: 2 MB

Page 8

KLAUS BRUHN
Soteriology in Early Jainism
75
again been arranged in the form of positions with consecutive numbering. In the case of Positions 11-14 (all metrical), we have restored the KMML order which is here not found in the original text: appattiya in Pos. 11 is a synonym of koha, and so on.
The kasāya synonymy has been noticed by various scholars: H. Jacobi, W. Schubring, J. Deleu, W.B. Bollee, K.K. Dixit, M. G. Dhadphale. The etymological aspect has been studied by J. Deleu and W.B.Bollée. See Deleu, Bhag., p. 185 (Bhag 12.5) and Bollee, sa., pp. 89-92 (Sa 1.1. 2.12). Refer for the double-suffix -ana-yā (-ana-ta) to BHSG 22.41. It is tempting to use in a translation different words for the different synonyms found in the original text. But here we have to distinguish between the dogmatic meaning (function) and the general (non-technical or "genuine") meaning of a word. By rule of thumb we may say that the dogmatic meanings of related words tend towards identity, the general meanings towards difference. The translator is thus forced to emphasize in his translation the functional proximity or identity (calumny ... calumny... calumny ... in Position 4), while a consideration of differences in the general meaning can be made in the notes. The infinite nuances and connotations of the general language are in many cases not compatible with the rationality and abstraction of doctrinal discourses. In Jaina dogmatics, single synonyms (or half-synonyms) may be esoteric alternatives for common words (see $ 7b below). Chains of synonyms serve dialectic purposes of one type or another. However, differentiation as found in the general language is hardly intended. A dogmatic system of differentiation does of course exist but it operates in its own peculiar way. Here, the emphasis is on aspects such as degree, mode ( tiviham tivthenam: DJ $ 171), and occasion ("thāņa", e.g. eight causes of pride: DJ $ 168; Caillat, Ca., p. 141 on vs. 138). --- Now we shall consider each position individually.
Positions 11-14 (all in Sa) are contained in verses which treat of the kasāya tetrad but replace the basic terms by synonyms. A similar development is seen in Pos. 15. The relevant passage can he described as a variety of the yathāsamkhya pattern (cf. H. Brinkhaus, IIJ 7.1981): "kuppanta, majjanta, ghanta, lubbhanta ... kohenam, manenam, māyāe, lobhenam". The terms are turned into verbs, and synonyms occur only in the case of three out of four terms. Positions 16 and 17 follow the course of dictionaries of synonyms. The lists are somewhat artificial and not free from rhetorical elements ("iccha/muccha", "bhijjha/abhijja", "kāmāsa/bhogăsa"). Refer also to the JAGM edition of Sam for textual variants etc. In the case of Sam, the four sequences (10, 11, 17, and 14 terms; basic terms included) are presented as so
Pos. 11; appattiya, viukkassa, numa, savvappaga. --- Su 39: 1.1.2.12. Pos. 12: jalaņa, ukkasa, nūma, majjhattha. --- Sa 87: 1.1.4.12. Pos. 13: pagāsa, ukkåsa, channa, pasamsa. --- Su 139: 1.2.2.29. Pos. 14: thandilla, ussayapa, paliuncana, bhayana. --- Sú 447: 1.9.11. Pos. 15: kuppanta, majjanta, gühanta, lubbhanta. --- Rşi 35, prose
introduction. Pos. 16: Bhag 587-88: 12.5: P.
KOHA (1+9) MAŅA (1+11) MAYA (1+14) LOBHA (1+15) kova maya
uvahi iccha rosa dappa
niyadi muccha dosa thambha
valaya kankha akhama gavva
gahana gehi samjalaņa att'ukkosa
tanha kalaha paraparivāya kakka bhijjha candikka ukkāsa (JAGM) kurua abhijjha bhandana avakkāsa (JAGM) jimha asasanaya vivāya unnaya
kibbisa patthanaya unnama
ayaranayā lalappanaya dunnāma
gühanayā kāmāsā vancaņayā bhogāsā paliuncanayā jīviyāsa sãijoga maranasa
nandiraga Pos. 17: A parallel of Pos. 16 with extended māyā sequence occurs in
Samavāya. Between "kakka" and "ayaranaya" (Sam also avaranaya) we get instead of "kurua, Jimha, kibbisa" the pentad "kurua, dambha, küda, jhimma, kibbisiya". --- Sam
52: P. Pos. 18: (Separate māyā sequence): ukkañcana-vancaņa-maya-niyadi
kūdą - kavada-säisampaoga. --- Su 713 (p. 176): 2.2: P.
nüma