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abstinence by mind (manas), body (kaya) and speech (vacha), further tends to sharpen the ascetic ideal to a point that casting one's body by prolonged fast (sallekhana) is recommended in no other religious order. Among other distinctive practices of the Jain faith mention may be made of alochana or confession of sin's and the daily ceremony of pratikramana or expiation of sins” (The Background and Tradition, Ch-2 in The Jain Art and Architecture, Bharatiya Jnanapitha, Vol. I, 1974)
2.The Nigganthas tradition
They were called Nigganthas/Nirgranthas because they were detached and free from passions.
Bhikshu Dharmananda Kosambi has said; “In Tripitakas, there is a mention in several places about NigganthasJains. From this it is clear that the Nigganthas tradition was in existence many years before Buddha. It is mentioned in the Anguttara Nikaya that one “Bappa" named Shakya (belonging to the clan of Shakyas in which Buddha was born) was a lay follower (Sravaka) of the
