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314
Atsushi Uno
Jambū-jyoti
In the NS and the NBh, the dharmin of pratijñă (e.g, mountain) is compared with either homogeneous example (e.g. kitchen) or heterogeneous example (e.g. pond) by virture of sādharmya (e.g. smoke) or vaidharmya (e.g. -smoke) between the two (dharmin and drstānta), one analyses in the dharmin fire. Inference in the NS and the NBH is, strictly speaking, not inference, but analogy in nature, and has nothing to do with vyāpti in the process of thinking. NS 1..34 : Whatever establishes the probandum (Sp or p), on the basis
of the similarity with the [homogeneous) example (in accordance that probandum possesses similarity with the example) is the probans (hetu; M).
NBh 1.1.34: Whatever establishes the probandum i.e., dharma (S or Sp) in
accordance with the similarity with the example is probans (hetu, smoke). By perceiving a certain dharma (e.g. smoke) in the probandum (subject; mountain) and the same dharma in the example (e.g. kitchen), what describes that it (smoke) establishes the probandum (Sp or P) is probans (hetu).
(Comment) Accoding to the NBh, probandum (sādhya) is used in two ways, by indicating first S, and then Sp or P.
NS 1.1.35: In similar manner, whatever establishes the probandum (Sp
or P) is the probans (hetu), on the basis of the dissimilarity with the [heterogeneous) example (e.g. pond) (in accordance that probandum (mountain) does not possess similarity with example).
NS 1.7.36:
On the basis of the similarity with probandum (sādhya; dharmin; S, mountain), whatever things possess the dharmas (e.g. smoke) of the probandum (mountain) is (homogeneous] example.
NS 1.1.37 :
On the basis of the dissimilarity with probandum (sādhya; dharmin; S, mountain), whatever things possess things other than the dharmas (e.g. smoke) of the probandum (mountain) is [heterogeneous) example.
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