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## Karmavipaka
**Gandha** - The karma that results in the body having a pleasant or unpleasant odor is called Gandha karma.
**Rasa** - The karma that results in the body experiencing bitter, sweet, or other pleasant or unpleasant tastes is called Rasa karma.
**Sparsha** - The karma that results in the body having a rough, soft, smooth, or dry touch is called Sparsha karma.
**Anupurvi** - The karma that results in the soul returning to its place of origin in its next birth is called Anupurvi karma.
**Vihayogati** - The karma that results in the soul having a gait like that of an elephant, bull, etc. (pleasant) or like that of a camel, donkey, etc. (unpleasant) is called Vihayogati karma.
The details of the various sub-categories of these Pind-Prakritis will be mentioned in the following verses.
Out of the 28 categories of Namakarma, eight have been mentioned in this verse. Their characteristics will be explained in the following chapters.
Out of the 42 categories of Namakarma, 22 have been mentioned here. The remaining 20 categories will be mentioned in the next two verses.
**1. Vihayogati** - The word "Vihay" is used as a qualifier in Vihayogati.
This is to avoid repetition. If only the word "Gati" was used, it would have created repetition with the first category of Namakarma, which is also called "Gati". The word "Vihay" is used to clarify the meaning, which is "in the sense of".
The word "Gati" refers to the gait of the soul, not to the state of being a god or a human.