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was not a struggle for power and dominion, for wealth and enjoyment, but a life devoted with all its intellectual vigour to meditate on the one absorbing subject of religion and philosophy; they strove to know whence they came and where they were going. Schools of various thoughts had risen and flourished side by side without any hostility, at least, if not very amicably. This would give, we think, some idea of life in ancient India, but to understand clearly the rise of Buddhism and Jainism, it is necessary to know some thing about the two great systems of philosophy prevailing in India in the fifth century B. C., namely the Vedanta School and the Sankhya School of Kapila including the Yoga or theistical School of Patangali. We shal now look into the principal doctrines of the Vedanta School, as gathered mainly from MaxMuller's " Theosophy or Psychological Religion" and "The six systems of Indian Philosophy' by the same author. The first and the fundamental doctrine of the Vedanta Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat
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