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THE THEORY OF TIME IN JAINA PHILOSOPHY 41
the continuing reality underlying the Empirical Time is the Dravya Kala or Noumenal Time.
Time as a substance is obviously similar to the Soul but in as much as it is essentially unconscious, it is distinct from the Soul and similar to the other Ajivas. Time is Amuria or formless : in this respect. it is similar not only to the Soul but to the non-Souls except Matter, Kala is described as Niskriya i.e., devoid of activity and is different from Soul and matter which are Sakriya or active; other Niskriya substances are Dharma, Adharma and Akasa,
The most important thing to be noticed in this connection is the classification of substances into extended' and 'non-extended.' Jiva. Pudgala. Akasa. Dharma and Adharma are called Astikāyas are 'extended' substances while Kala is 'non-extended.' An * extended' substance is that which has many Pradesas: A Pradesa is that portion of space which is obstructed by one ultimate unit or atom of matter. Akasa or space is infinite and hence its Pradesas are 'infinite.' Dharma and Adharma pervade the Lokakasa but they do not extend beyond it. Accordingly the Pradesas of Dharma and Adharma are said to be 'innumerable' (and not infinite) in as much as they have a limit. A Jiva also is capable of filling up measurable or indefinite (though not infinite) parts of space and its Pradesas also are 'innumerable.' As regards Matter, it may be said that the parts of Space, occupied by one or two molecules can be counted ; in such cases, Matter may be said to have 'numerable' Pradesas. Such material molecules fill the Lokakasa and do not extend beyond it and hence Matter may also be said to have 'innumerable' Pradesas. And thirdly, atoms of Matter in their subtle state are infinite and accordingly Matter may be said to have an 'infinite' number of Pradesas.
A minute part of a substance is called ' Anu' and when these Anus are combined inseparably, the substance constituted of them is an Astikaya or extended substance. Jiva, Pudgala, Akasa, Dharmu and Adharma are extended substances because their minutest constituents are mixed up and inseparably combined with
Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat
www.umaragyanbhandar.com
| SR No. | 034889 |
| Book Title | Jaina Gazette 1927 |
| Original Sutra Author | N/A |
| Author | J L Jaini, Ajitprasad |
| Publisher | Jaina Gazettee Office |
| Publication Year | 1927 |
| Total Pages | 568 |
| Language | English |
| Classification | Book_English |
| File Size | 47 MB |