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THE JAIN PHILOSOPHY
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consideration, disregarding the apparent characteristics produced by reason of some external or foreign substance. For example, one would consider an embodied being (man, cat, etc.) as a liberated being, the natural characteristics of the soul alone being taken as the subject of consideration, the apparent characteristics (of man, cat, etc.) produced by reason of foreign elements in the being being disregarded. Its Sanskrit name is karmopadhi-nirapeksha-nitya-suddha-paryayarthika-naya.
6. In this sixth division one considers the false and perishable nature of modifications as they exist under the influence of karmas, e. g. the soul in its embodied state has birth and death under the influence of the karmas or elements in the soul foreign to its pure nature. In Sanskrit it is called karmopadhi-sapeksha- . anitya-asuddha-paryayarthika-naya.
CHAPTER VII.
ON THE SEVEN Nayas.
THE distinction between dravyarthika-naya and paryayarthika-naya is that the dravyarthika-nayas consider the permanent nature of things; the dravya, being permanent, as existing for ever; whereas the paryayarthika-nayas consider the perishable nature of things, the paryayas being most probably perishable. Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat
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