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THE FIRST PRINCIPLES OF
'to synthesis; nayavada is the analytical method of knowledge, whereas saptabhangi is the synthetical method of knowing a thing.
Nayas are divided into [1] aspects relating to the substance or permanent nature of the thing (dravyarthika) and [2] aspects relating to the condition or changing nature of the thing (paryayarthika).
That which has substance [dravya*] as its cause, or that of which the purpose, is served by substance [dravya), is called dravyarthika.
The subdivisions of the dravyarthika-naya are
1. The first subdivision is that aspect of a thing or substance by which one knows that the substance has its own qualities and modifications, i.e. if one knows a substance, one knows its qualities and modifications too. This subdivision of the first class of aspects is called anvaya dravyarthika-naya. .
2. The second subdivision is that aspect by which one knows that the thing's existence is proved by knowing the substance that it is, the place where it exists, the period or time of its existence, and the condition [bhava] of the thing. For instance, a jar is clay; England might be it, place of existence; if made in winter, then winter would be its timerelation;
*The description of dravya is given under dravyas; sec Chapter I.
Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat
www.umaragyanbhandar.com
