Ancient Jaina Hymns

SR No.: 034743
Original Sutra Author: N/A
Author: Charlotte Krause
Publisher: Oriental Institute
Publication Year: 1952
Total Pages: 184
Language: English
Classification: Book_English
File Size: 13 MB

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NOTES
1. MUNISUVRATA-STAVANA
(1) "bhava-dveși"="enemy by nature". Here, “bhāva" is the last of the four "nikgepa" or principles of definition of Jaina dialectic, which are : (a) nåman=denomination, (6) sthāpanā=assumption, (c) dravya= substance, and (d) bhāva=nature or attributes, cp. Tattv. I, 5. Thus, a person of the name of "Jina" may be called a "Nama-Jina", a Tirthankara statue a "Sth pana-Jina", a being whose soul is predestined to become incarnated as a Tirthankara in a later life, a "Dravya-Jina", and a saint possessing all the characteristics of a Tirthaikara, would be a “Bhåva-Jina”. The "bhāva-dveşin" or "bhiva-ripu" of the soul is, of course, karman, owing to the barm which it brings to the latter, by suppressing the innate yodliness of the atman.
(2) "Dvadašānga"=the twelve original Sacred Writings of the Jainas, out of which the Svetambaras believe the first 11 to be represented by those 11 works now known as "Angas”, while the 12th, the bulky "Destivada", is unanimously admitted to be lost.
(3) "Kalpa" =a kind of celestial state, the rulers, officials, and subjects of which consist all of gods belonging to the lower of the two sub-sections of the fourth and highest category of Jaina gods, the "Vaimånikas”. These gods are known as “Kalpopapanna", while the other sub-section of the Vaimánikas is designated as "Kalpåtita", from the idea that they do not live in "Kalpas", but are all of equal social rank. The “Kalpas" are 12 in number, and occupy the 8 lower strata of Heaven. The lowest layer consists of the first and second "Kalpas", viz., Saudharma in the south, and İfana in the north. The second layer contains the third and fourth “Kalpas", viz., Sanatkumira in the south, and Mahendra in the north. The 3rd, 4th, 5th, and 6th layers are each occupied by an independent "Kalpa", viz., Brahmaloka the 5th Kalpa, Lantaka the 6th Kalpa, Sukra the 7th Kalpa, and Sahasrara the 8th Kalpa, respectively. The 9th and 10th Kalpas,
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