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Tattvārthasūtra
CHAPTER-2
CATEGORY OF THE LIVING
What is the nature of the soul (jīva), which is the first of the objects of right faith?
औपशमिकक्षायिकौ भावौ मिश्रश्च जीवस्य स्वतत्त्वमौदयिकपारिणामिकौ च ॥१॥
[जीवस्य ] जीव के [ औपशमिकक्षायिकौ ] औपशमिक और क्षायिक [भावौ ] भाव [च मिश्रः] और मिश्र तथा [ औदयिक पारिणामिकौ च] औदयिक और पारिणामिक - ये पाँच भाव [स्वतत्त्वम् ] निजभाव हैं अर्थात् ये जीव के अतिरिक्त दूसरे में नहीं होते।
The distinctive characteristics (svatattva) of the soul (jiva) are the dispositions or thought-activities – bhāva - arising from subsidence - upasama, destruction - ksaya, destruction-cum-subsidence - ksayopasama – of karmas, the fruition - udaya - of karmas, and its inherent nature or capacity – pariņāma.
Just as the mud in the water settles down when clearing nuts are put into it, so also the karmic matter does not manifest its power in the soul due to causes (i.e., the disposition of the soul). This is called subsidence (upaśama). When the same water is poured into another vessel it becomes completely free from mud. In the same way, complete removal of the karmic matter is destruction (ksaya). The third state is a mixed state of destruction-cum-subsidence (ksayopasama), as in
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