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Tattvārthasūtra
मतिश्रुतावधयो विपर्ययश्च ॥३१॥
[मतिश्रुतावधयः ] मति, श्रुत और अवधि – ये तीन ज्ञान [विपर्ययश्च] विपर्यय भी होते हैं।
These three kinds of knowledge – sensory (mati), scriptural (śruta), and clairvoyance (avadhi) - are erroneous also.
'Viparyaya' means 'erroneous'. How is it so? It is so because this is the section on ‘right' knowledge. "Ca'means ‘also’, that is, right as well as erroneous. Sensory knowledge, scriptural knowledge and clairvoyance may be right as well as erroneous. Why are these erroneous? These are erroneous because these co-exist in the soul with wrong belief (mithyadarśana). It is similar to the milk kept in a bitter gourd; the taste of the milk becomes bitter on account of the defect of the receptacle. But even with wrong belief (mithyādarśana), there should be no error in the ascertainment of objects by sensory knowledge, etc. For instance, just as the person of right faith perceives form, colour, and so on, so does the person of wrong faith. Just as the person of right faith ascertains form, colour, etc., through scriptural knowledge and represents these accordingly, so does the person of wrong faith. And just as the person of right faith ascertains matter through clairvoyance, so does the person of wrong faith through his clairvoyance. The next sūtra responds to the doubt raised.
सदसतोरविशेषाद्यदृच्छोपलब्धेरुन्मत्तवत् ॥३२॥ [यदृच्छोपलब्धेः] अपनी इच्छा से चाहे जैसा ग्रहण करने के कारण [ सत् असतोः] विद्यमान और अविद्यमान पदार्थों का [अविशेषात् ]
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