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अध्याय-५
सद्व्य
लक्षणम् ॥२९॥
[sormetur4 ] 504 78707 [HC] Ha (39frica)
The mark (laksana) of a substance (dravya) is existence (being or sat).
That which exists, i.e., marked by existence (sat), is a substance. What is existence (sat)?
उत्पादव्ययध्रौव्ययुक्तं सत् ॥३०॥ [उत्पाद व्यय ध्रौव्य युक्तं] जो उत्पाद-व्यय-ध्रौव्य सहित हो [ सत् ] सो सत् है।
Existence (sat) is with (yukta) origination (utpāda), destruction (vyaya) and permanence (dhrauvya).
The substance (dravya) is of two kinds: the animate (cetana) and the inanimate (acetana). These two kinds of substances do not ever leave their essential characteristic (of sat); still, due to internal and external causes, each instant, these attain new states of existence. This is origination (utpāda). For instance, the origination (utpāda) takes place of the pitcher from the clay. Similarly, the loss of the former state of existence is destruction (vyaya). The loss of the lump shape of the clay is destruction (vyaya). As there is no destruction (uyaya) or origination (utpāda) of the inherent nature or quality of the substance (dravya), it is also characterized by permanence (dhrauvya). The quality of being permanent is permanence (dhrauvya). For instance, the clay continues to exist in all states – the lump, the pitcher and in the broken parts. Existence (sat) is thus accompanied by origination
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