Introduction To Jainism

SR No.: 034405
Original Sutra Author: N/A
Author: Gunvant Barvalia
Publisher: SKPG Jain Philosophical and Literary Research Centre
Publication Year: 2015
Total Pages: 52
Language: English
Classification: Book_English
File Size: 1 MB

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19191911. INTRODUCTION TO JAINISMAMAKBISA
DRAVYA UNODARI (1) Keep less quantum of cloth, utensils (containers - patras) and that Unodari is known as Upakaran Unodari.
(2) To restrict daily food consumption to 32 Morsels and reduce thereafter gradually an sequentially.
BHAV UNODARL: This penance would gradually reduce harmful elements like Anger, Pride, Deceit, Greed, Attachment, Aversion, Unsteadiness etc.
(3) VRUT SAMKSHEP: This is also known as Bhikshachari Tapa. Maintainance of life through collection of limited quantum of alms (Bhiksha) from the houses of several householders and live restrained life by consuming cooked food, so collected. This is comparable with a cow eating grass in very small quantity from each portion of lagre grassy land and maintain life. So is the process of Gauchari of a monk.
(4) RASA PARITYAGA: This tapa (Penance) is performed by avoiding consumption of milk, curd, oil, Ghee, Butter, Jaggery, Sweet, Sugar etc. and thereby controlling taste (Ras). The avoidance of taste Tasteful items) is as good as avoidance of food items (Aahar Tyag).
(5) KAYA KALESH TAPA: Kaya Kalesh Tapa is performed willingly, independently with intention to reduce karmic particles (Nirjara) and for that bearing all bodily pain and strain with calm, quiet and balanced state of mind. This exercise is done in performing Meditation, kayotsarga, facing heat of scorching Sun, stay with minimum clothing on body in freezing cold with severe intensity
Apart from 12 vows of Monks (pratima - padima), the performing of 'Loch' - Plucking hair manually, moving from place to place on foot known as vihar, and bear all sort of painful experience of heat, cold, etc. mentioned above comes under the category of "Kayakalesh Tapa" under external penance (Bahya Tapa).
(6) PRATISANLINTA TAPA: of four types: Viz Indriya, Kashaya, Yoga & Vivikta -Shayanasana (1) Under this Indriya Pratisanlinta (Penance), One, i.e. observer, is required to restrain and avoid words, sight, smell, taste & touch that create Attachment or Aversion to ears, eyes, nose, tounge and skin respectively as also mind from being corrupted through thoughts-desires that provoke. In other words, all senses and mind are to be controlled and restrained from being influenced or attracted by Attachment & Aversion and gets corrupted
1919 SISISI INTRODUCTION TO JAINISMONIISKISA thereby, under this penance which is "Indriya Prati" Sanlinnata Tapa.
(2) The observer of Kashaya Pratisanlinatta Tapa has to control & restrain kashaya Anger, Pride, Deceit and Greed by developing & practicing forgiveness (kshama), humility (modesty i.e. vinay), by straight foregiveness (frankness -saralta) and contentment (santosh) respectively and that is called as Kashaya Pratisanlinnata Тара.
(3) Under Yoga Pratisanlinnata Tapa, mind is to be restrained from Asatya and mishra yoga by practicing - engaging mind in Satya (Real) and Vyavahara Yoga, Renouncement (Tyaga) of Asatya & Mishra speech by accepting - practicing Satya & Vyavahara speech, and inauspicious kaya yoga of seven types such as Audarik etc. have to be restrained & controlled by practicing Auspicious kaya yoga. Yoga means activities of mind, speech & body.
(4) Under Vivikta Shayanasana Pratisanlinnata Tapa, the observer has to stay overnight or appropriate period of time at any of the 18 places, such as Farm, Garden, Udyan, Temple or place of worship, water hut, public rest house (Dharmashala) place for keeping Animals, shops, palacial building, Mansions (Haveli) Upashraya (Sthanak or Monestary), Paushadhshala (place of worship by shravaka - monks etc.) empty godowns storage place, venue for meeting - Assembly hall, cave, Royal court room (Darbar) shelter of umbrella type (chhatri) seat below tree etc. provided they are free from, not occupied by woman, animal or member of neutral genders.
SIX TYPES OF INTERNAL (ABHYANTAR) PENANCE (TAPA)
1. PRAYASCHIT TAPA One that cuts off sinful mode, is known as Prayaschit Tapa, Prayaschit is a form of self introspection, observation of faults, sins etc., within self (soul). Prayaschit is one, that results in purification of mind, conscious (chitta) Confession of sins/faults committed, before Guru, spiritual Teacher with modesty, declration of omission/commission in stages prior to sinful act and therefore humbly accept the penalty or punishment by way of prayaschit and, carry out as warranted This is what is known as Prayaschit Tapa.
2. VINAY TAPA : The evil and sinful karmic particles are destroyed on showing modesty and humility (VINAY) towards persons deserving as such, This is the reason as to why the 'Vinay' is called a
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