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view point will have the feeling of bliss. A Nirgrantha, who eats only inanimate things, will meet emancipation and thus will end the transmigratory cycle. In the second version of this chapter the following additional concepts are also mentioned: (1) The motion is of two types: (i) self-motivated and (ii)
generated by external factors. (2) Whatsoever a person experiences, it is due to his own, and
not due to other's deeds. Those who observe the Cāturyāma (the fourfold ethical code beginning with non-violence and ending with nonpossession) will be free from the eight-fold karmas and will not be reborn in the four yonis or generic categories.
The essence of the doctrines and ethical teachings of Pārsvanath as embodied and expositioned in the Isibhāsiyam may be thus summarized:
(i) The world is eternal with no creator behind it. - (ii) Permanence in change is the essential nature of the
world. World is dynamic in disposition. It consists of
the five Astikāyas,existentialities. (iii) Substances are of two kinds, animate and inanimate.
The animate possesses an upward motion: the
inanimate (by law of gravity), downward motion. (v) The motion is of two kinds: (a) self-motivated and
(b) directed by external factors. (vi) The Gati or transmigratory motion of animate beings
is due to their own karmas, while the motion of
matter is due to its own dynamic nature and inertia. (vii) The Karmas are of eight types.
(iv)
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