Indian Antiquary Vol 62

SR No.: 032554
Original Sutra Author: N/A
Author: Richard Carnac Temple, Charles E A W Oldham, S Krishnaswami Aiyangar, Devadatta Ramkrishna Bhandarka
Publisher: Swati Publications
Publication Year: 1986
Total Pages: 450
Language: English
Classification: Book_English
File Size: 18 MB

Page 56

50
hamar-, amar- (to sink, settle) hade-, ade- (to shut.)
hér-, ér- (to ascend)
DRAVIDIC PROBLEMS
-cf. south Dr. amar-.
-cf. south Dr. base adai-, ade- (to shut).
-cf. south Dr. er- (to climb, to rise). -cf. ilai of Tamil, etc.
hila (betel-leaves), ila, ira (leaf)
The instances 3 are few and they are regarded as " vulgarisms " in Tulu nad itself. The rationale of the incorporation of h- in initial positions of these words is not quite clear; it is possible that the analogy of h. words (derived from forms with initial t- or p-) may have played some part in the process.
II. Tamil Aydam.
(ஆய்தம்)
What was the value of this ancient Tamil sound? What may have been its origin? Was it a native growth in Tamil, or was it an invention inspired by Sanskrit ? So many conflicting views have been expressed on these points by different scholars, that it might be useful to consider if the data available for us can supply any elue to the solution of these problems.
[A] THE DESCRIPTIONS OF THE SOUND GIVEN BY ANCIENT TAMIL GRAMMARIANS. The earliest Tamil grammar, Tolkåppiyam, deals with the sound in a number of sultras of Eluttadigaram, of which the following may be quoted here:
Satra 38 :
குறியதன் முன்ன ராய்தப்புள்ளி
யுயிரொடு புணர்ந்த வல்லாறன் மிசைத்தே kuriyadan munnar aydappulli
(y)uyirodu punarnda valláran misaitte
Li.e., aydam appears after short syllables and before the six surds k, c, t, t, p and r]. Cf. also Sutra 91 where the aydam is described as a sárpeluttu. Satra 39: ஈறியன் மருங்கினு மிசைமை தோன்றும்
Iriyan marunginumisaimai tônṛum
[i.e., it appears also when the final consonant of a word combines with
the initial (surd) consonant of another word].
Nannûl, another old grammar of Tamil, deals with it in the following sutras - Sútra 87 of Eluttiyal:
ஆய்தக்கிடந் தலை யங்கா முயற்சி
Aydak-idan dalai (yang mayori
[i.e., dydam is produced in the head (i.e., the upper palate), through the opening of the mouth].
Satra 97: லளவிற்றியைபினா மாய்த மஃகும்
lalavit triyaipinám áydam ahkum
[MARCH, 1933
[i.e., when final - or of a word combines (with the initial surd of another word), the aydam produced is shortened].
Satra 228 : குறில்வழி லளத்தவ் வனையி னாய்தம்
ஆகவும் பொடம் அல்வழியானே
kurilvali lalattav-(v)anaiyin-aydam
âgavum perâum alvaliyané
[i.e., - and after short syllables when combining with -t in alvali groups give rise to the aydam].
The earlier commentators of these sutras of Tolkappiyam and Nannûl have adduced in each case appropriate instances of old Tamil words and word-combinations containing the sound.
kadagu, adagu (ship)
hari, ari (to flow)
3 In the following borrowings from Kann. with and without initial h, the h forms are original; happears to have been dropped in the alternative words:
hannukayi, annukayi (coconut and plantains)
-for hannu; ef. Tel. pandu (fruit).
-cf. Kann. padagu, hadagu, corrupt adagu (ship). -cf. Kannada pari, hari, ari (to flow).
The process of change in these cases appears to be original p-> [F]> h. > zero.