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AUGUST, 1933)
INITIAL FRICATIVES AND AFFRICATES OF DRAVIDIAN
157
III. THE BACK FRICATIVE X
The sound transcribed as kh by Sir Der.ys Bray in his Grammar appears to be the velar : while the Kurukh sound (also transcribed as kh) seems, from the description given by Father Grignard, to partake also of the value of the uvular spirant x. I have represented both these sounds with the symbol 2-9 in the following lists.
South and Central
Dravidian k.
Kurukh :-
Kurukh k
Brahôi !
Bråhûi k.
Malto q- (x)
1
xan xaf
xan relvu
cf. xảrar
xe
tad (child)
xes (red)
cis-un (red) xuttxulo (to fear)
lxal
? zel (field)
kan (eye)
..xan Kann.) kibi (ear) cf. web-da
Gôndi kavil kåy- (to be hot).cdy Kann.) kandu (child), cadd
etc. kay. key (hand).xekka [Kann.j kes. (red ces (red)
kutt- (to dig)xutlkul-ung. (to
be shaken) kal (stone) .daj (mud,
earth) cây (fruit) xâm koy (to reap) coy.
kål (leg) .. xedd (foot) kond. (past par-cond-(to bring
ticiple of ko!. to together) take on,' appear. ing in kondu vd 'bring!' and in the contracted forms kond,'bring here!'
etc. Gôndi kors-(to sprout) xôr. (to shoot
out new leaves)
zanj:
roy
xed (leg)
? cf. cul (womb)
cf. car. (to
sprout out) war-un (green)
ka- (to go)
kd. (to go)
cf, ka-1 (to go, move);| kal (stalk, branch,
leg) [Kui) ků (motion par
ticle] kada. (to cross) .. [Gôndi] kar. (to go
across)
kat-la- (to
take across) katt- (to cross
river)
9 Sir Denys Bray describes the sound (p. 28 of his Gr.) thua :"kh is pronounced like the Persian-Arabio the, i.e., like ch in German and in the Scotch word loch."
Kurukh kh is described by Grignard thus : "Ile bottom of the throat and the upper portion of the windpipe being kept well open, pronounce the sound h; the resulting broad sound will be a satisfactory approximation to the pronunciation of th."
Droose's description of Malto q- shows that it may be identical with Kurulu.
