Indian Antiquary Vol 32

SR No.: 032524
Original Sutra Author: N/A
Author: Richard Carnac Temple
Publisher: Swati Publications
Publication Year: 1984
Total Pages: 550
Language: English
Classification: Book_English
File Size: 20 MB

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THE INDIAN ANTIQUARY.
[DECEMBER, 1903.
8. Those who abstain from eating any green fruits or vegetables, but only such as are dried.
9. The Sråvaka of the ninth class is the Brahmachâri, wbo wears white clothes and leads a celibate life.
10. The Srävaka who does not leave his house, but otherwise follows the practices of the eleventh class.
11. The highest grade of all is that of the Sråvaka who leaves his house, family, and all possessions, and provided with a kamandalu or water-vessel, a pichchha or broom made of peacock's fenthers and used for removing insects out of his way, and a kashaya-vastra or reddish coloured cloth -- avoids all crimes, relinquishes ambitions, maintains honesty, and possesses implicit faith in his priest.
The Vidyasthanas or seats of learning of the Digambaras mentioned by Dr. Bühler are,(1) Jaypur, (2) Debli, (3) Gwâliar, (4) Ajmir, (5) Nagar in Rajputana. (6) Râmpur Bhanpur near Indur, (7) Karaigi, and (8) Surat. To these the Maisûr Jainas add Kollapura, Jina-Káñchiparam, perhaps Chittanûr in South Arkat district, and Penukonda in Anantapur district. These, with Dehli, are known as Chatuh-simhásana. There are mathas at these four places. They also claim to have a seat at Sholapur.
The Digambaras profess to differ from the Srêtâmbaras on the following points:
1. Their statues of the Tirthakaras are always represented as nude (nirrastra); whereas the Svêtâmbaras represent theirs as clothed and decorate them with crowns and ornaments..
2. As stated by Col. Colin Mackenzie (Asiat. Res. Vol. IX. pp. 247 f.), the Digambaras observo sixteen ceremonials - shodusakarman, which are enumerated as :-(1) Garbhadhana or consommation of marriage; (2) Puisavana, -- the rite in the third month of pregnancy, for male progeny; (3) Símantakarana, defined by Mackenzie as adorning a married woman's head with flowers when she is six months gone with child, or in the seventh month : the Brahmanical Simantonnayana, the parting or dividing of the hair is observed by women in the fourth, sixth or eighth month; (4) Jatakarman or horoscope and birth ceremony;(5) Namakarana, the naming of a new-born child ; (6) Anna prášana, when, at six months of age, or over, a child is first fed with other sustenance than milk; (7) Chaulakarman or Chudópanayana, -the ceremony of tonsure ; (8) Upanayanu or initiation between five and nine years of age, when the sacred thread is assumed. Of the next five, I have failed to obtain any explanation, and must leave them for further investigation by those who have opportunity. They are:-(9) Prájápatya ; (10) Saumya; (11) Agnéya; (12) Vaišvadeva ; and (13) Gódána, -- the giving of a cow in charity (?). Mackenzie gives Sdstrábhyasa, - the ceremony observed by young boys at the age of 5 years 5 months and 5 days, when they begin to read the sacred books : possibly this is one of these rites under a different name. The remaining three are:-(14) Samdrartana, the return of a student on the completion of his studies under a teacher; (15) Viráha or marriage; and (16) Antyukarman or Prétakarman, - the funeral rites. These rites, it may be observed, agree generally with the twelve sonskdras or karmans of the Brahmans; but among them the nishkramana ceremony does not seem to be included, whilst they enumerate others,
3. The Digambaras bathe their images with abundance of water, but the Svêtâmberas nse very little.
4. The Svêtâmbaras are extremely careful of all animal life, whilst the Digambaras are only moderately so.
* Conf. Asiat, Researches, Vol. IX. pp. 247 f.