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A SKELETON GRAMMAR
28.
The present tense is expressed variously:
(a) By dropping the termination pa or 4 ba of the present
ཁོ་ བྱེད, kho.byed, ‘he does` ; ཁོ་ འགྲོ kho.hgro,
participle; e. g.
'he goes'.
(b) By the reduplication of the final letter of the root and adding
the vowel o to it ; e, g.
kho.byed.do, 'he does."
(c) By adding byed or
byed do to the infinitive ; e. g.
ཁོ་འགྲོབར་བྱེད kho hgro.bar.byed or ཁོ་འགྲོ་བར་བྱེད་དོ kho.hdro.bar.
byed.do, Skt. lit. sa gamanam karoti, i. e. sa gacchati 'he goes'. It is to be noted that often the sign of the infinitive is omitted; e. g. kho.hgro.byed, 'he goes'.
(d) By adding to the root
bžin.pa or either of the two
auxiliaries, 5 hdug 'to remain' and snan 'to be' preceded by any one of the following particles : ཀྱིན kyin, གྱིན gyin, གིན gin,
5 hin, and a yin according to the final letter of the root (see
p. 226); e. g. བྱེད་བཞིན་པ byed.bžin.pa, 'he does'; བྱེད་ཀྱིན་འདུག
byed.kyin.ḥdug, 'he is doing'.
29. As regards the form there is no difference between the past is both the past
participle and the past tense; e. g.
participle and the past tense of the root ba 'to say'.
smras
