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A SKELETON GRAMMAR
xlvii
NUMBER
dag and
15. The plural signs are generally 5 Sometimes both of them are used together. There is no dual number in the language, but Sanskrit dual is generally rendered by 5 dag (p. 295). See Rule 21.
DECLENSION
rnams.
16. The nominative does not take any affix. The accusative is as the nominative, but sometimes it takes la as an affix. The instrumental is formed by adding, according to the rules (see pp.
226,240) one of the following afixes: ཀྱིས kyis, གྱིས gyis, གིས gis ཡིས yis, འིས his, and ས . The dative is formed by ལ
ར
tu,
la or one of the following particles; 5 5 du, ru, སུ su. The ablative is formed by adding nas or ལས las. The genitive is formed by the instrumental affixes dropping their sibilants, i. e. adding kyi of kyis, gi of ¶ gis, and so on (see pp. 226, 240). The locative is formed by r na and la. The vocative is as the nominative with the particle kye, bhos, aye, etc. 'oh' used before it.
17. Below are given two declensions, (i) one of a noun ending in a consonant and (ii) one of that which ends in a vowel.
(i)
chos, dharma 'religion'.
r, and
