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A Grammar of Apabhramsa
Past participles
142. The Apbh participles are used as main verbs in the past tense : एम्वउ सुरउ समत्तु=Thus the love ended. विहिं पयारेहि गइअ धण=The lady is lost in both ways. वइदेही पंचत्ति गय=Sita died. 5E FEHET 7991=If she loved me, then she is dead. अम्बणु लाइवि जे गया-Who went after making love.
143. But very frequently it is also used as adjective: stot go कासु न इठ्ठ=To whom the wealth is not dear. फल लिहिया मुंजन्ति =One enjoys the fruit as ordained.
144. Gradually the past participles began to lose the adjectival force. When it was reinforced by the auxiliary element huā, it was no more Apbh.
(a) In the eastern dialects, the adjectival force was retained by the reinforcement suffix.da> -la : Sutta-la (asleep), etc.
145. In Apbh, we find the past participles being used as new verbs : sukkha-i (gets dry), paittha-i (enters), etc.
146. When this past participle was extended by hae and thā, there was the origin of the Perfect and Pluperfect tenses in Hindi,
Infinitive
147. The infinitive forms show purpose : da 57778 faetat atat =It is difficult to give one's wealth. afon agfaqur FTTT tt popote paafa=Who is able to conquer the whole earth and then forego it. E TUTE T=There is a desire to enjoy happiness. FICUT 77 73 9f%878=Practising penance is not palatable. This last example is nearer to Hindi karnā.
148. There is also a peculiar use of the infinitive with the verb ja भुज्जणहं न जाइ=It cannot be enjoyed.
