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COMMON SOURCES OF KNOWLEDGE....
smokes'.
5. The final statement-nigamana-is the statement of conclusion. It restates the thesis to be established. What is tentatively put forth in the first step is established in the conclusion. It is not that conclusion is purposeless repetition of the first proposition. What is in the first proposition reappears in the conclusion, no doubt, but as demonstrated and proved.
Thus, the logical form of syllogism in Nyāya can be illustrated as follows :
The hill is fiery; Because, it smokes; Whatever smokes is fiery; e. g. the kitchen; so the hill smokes; Therefore, it is fiery,
In this way, for Parārthānumāna syllogism of this kind is necessary but for Svārthānumāna or inference for oneself no verbal statement is required in the form of syllogism. For demonstration of the truth, however, fivemembered syllogism is considered both psychologically and logically necessary.
In Western logic, the syllogism is generally stated in the form of three propositions. There is a structural difference between Indian and western syllogism. But five members of Nyāya syllogism has three terms. Conclusion repeats the first proposition and the fourth member is the repetition of the second. So strictly speaking, every syllogism consists of only three members. Out of the five propositions two seem to be redundant, e. g. we may leave out either the first two or the
