International Journal Of Jaina Studies Vol 01 To 03 2005 To 2007

SR No.: 022773
Original Sutra Author: N/A
Author: Peter Flugel
Publisher: Hindi Granth Karyalay
Publication Year: 2008
Total Pages: 202
Language: English
Classification: Book_English
File Size: 19 MB

Page 31

Chapter IV (catur-sthānam)
In sūtra 181 (chapter III) we learn that speech is of three kinds: truth, lie, meaningless speech / in sūtra 238 it is stated that speech is of four kinds: truth, lie, a mixture of both, neither truth nor lie / a nun may keep four garments: one of two hasta length, two of three hasta length, one of four hasta length <246> four passions (kașāva): anger, conceit, deceit, greed <249> sūtra 253 gives a simile: fruit may be unripe and slightly sweet, unripe and very sweet, ripe and slightly sweet, ripe and very sweet. The same is true for men (Abhayadeva in his commentary states that we have to replace "ripe" by age or knowledge of the tradition, and "sweet" by virtues like tranquillity of mind. This means: men may be ripe with regard to age and very sweet with regard to tranquillity, etc.) / four causes of laughter: seeing, speaking, hearing, recalling (Abhayadeva in his commentary states: by funny gestures, by imitation of someone's style of speech, by jokes, by remembering funny things) <269> four kinds of servants (bhrtaka): day labourer, on travel, with a fixed-termed contract, for a specific task <271> four kinds of gossip (vikathā): about women, about food, about the country, about the king; again: four kinds of gossip about women: regarding their caste, family, appearance, adornments <282> monks and nuns who have a talk do not transgress the ascetic code (atikramana) in case: they inquire for a path, show a path, offer food, help seeking alms <290> sūtras 300 up to 307 give the names of four gateways, islands, plateaus, areas, mountains, lakes in Jambūdvīpa / four kinds of austerity (tapas) of the Ajīvikas: severe austerity, terrible austerity, abstention from rasa (Abhayadeva in his commentary states: from "ghi", etc.), indifference to the taste of food <309> four kinds of brave men (śurā): brave in patience, in austerity, in charity, in war <317> four entities (astikāva) having an extension of innumerable space-points: dharma (medium of movement), adharma (medium of rest), space, single soul <334> four kinds of "going forth from home" or "initiation" (pravrajvä): with mind fixed on livelihood, fixed on happiness in the next birth, fixed on both of them, with no wish at all but out of equanimity <355> the sangha (religious organisation) consists of four groups: male ascetics, female ascetics, laymen, laywomen <363>
Chapter V (pañca-sthānam)
Five great vows for an ascetic (mahāvrata); again: five vows for a layman (anuvrata) <389> due to five causes a monk may be expelled from the gaña: he sows the seeds of