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depicted the nirgranthas as a separate 'heretical' (tīrthya) group. Officially, the category 'Jain' was used for the first time in the Census of India of 1881.
Rai Bahadur Jagmandar Lal Jaina, Law Member and President, Legislative Council, Indore (Source: Jaina Gazette 1927)
The problem that relevant scriptural evidence for Jain social customs was not readily available in print before the second decade of the 20th century, and only accessible for the courts through 'expert' witnesses, was partly due to the opposition of 'orthodox' Jains who in view of the "large number of differences in our social customs" were against the creation of a uniform Jaina Law and of "a central guiding and directing body working all
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