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Introduction
17
greater degree in the New Indo-Aryan languages and dialectics, like Gujarati, Rajasthani (Marwari, Jaipuri, etc.). Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature, vol. 3 (New Delhi: Sahitya Akademi, 1989), pp. 2339-2342. In fact, Apabrhransha has been the mother of all the modern north Indian languages, such as Rajasthani, Hindi, Gujarati, Lahanda, Punjabi, Sindhi, Marathi, Bihari, Bengali, Oriya, Assamese, etc. Gopichand Patni's Prastavik
in Jain Vidya, November 1988, p. i. 4 See Jinendra Varni, Jainendra Siddhant Kosha, Part III (New Delhi:
Bhartiya Jnanpith, 1993), p. 386. 5 For a comparison between Upanishadic Brahman and Jaina
Paramatman, see Foreword by Jagdish Prasad Jain "Sadhak” in Svayambhu Stotra of Samantabhadra, translated into English by Devendra K. Goyal (New Delhi: Radiant Publishers, 2000). See also the Philosophy and Mysticism section of Commentary by A.N.
Upadhye in this book. 6 For a detailed discussion of the Jaina concepts of Anekant, Nayavada
and Syadvada, see Foreword by Jagdish Prasad Jain "Sadhak" in
Svayambhu Stotra, n. 5. 7 See Paramatma Prakash and Yogasara , n. 2, p. 383. 8 Nemichandra Shastri, Tirthankara Mahavir aur unki Acharya
Parampara, Part 2 (Sagar, 1974), pp. 248-249 and 252-254. 9 Paramatma Prakash, by Yogindra Acharya, Translated by Rickhab
Dass Jain with an introduction by Champat Rai Jain (Arrah: Central
Jaina Publishing House, 1915), p. 1 of introduction. 10 Paramatma Prakash and Yogasara, n. 2, Introduction by A.N.
Upadhye, p. 32.
