Essence Of Jaina Scriptures

SR No.: 022313
Original Sutra Author: N/A
Author: Jagdish Prasad Jain
Publisher: Kaveri Books
Publication Year: 2014
Total Pages: 508
Language: English
Classification: Book_English
File Size: 38 MB

Page 157

INTRODUCTION
131
Moreover, there is neither origination nor destruction without stability (PS 100).
The inseparability of these three constituents is categorically confirmed in the following words: "In the absence of substance, there can be neither quality nor modification" (PS 110). The quality modifications are modifications of one substance, hence quality modifications are indeed substance only (eva) (PS 104 AC). Kanji Svami himself admits at one place that in Pravachanasara "even vikar (agitated, altered or impure states of the mind) are said to be dharma (characteristics or traits) of atma (soul) because it is also the paryaya (mode or modification) of the soul."104
Moreover, a substance is the substratum of both attributes/qualities and modes (dravyam guna paryayashrayam, PKS 10, and TS 5.38). However, while qualities reside permanently in substance, modifications of substance (dravya paryaya) as well as qualities (quality modifications or guna paryaya) appear and disappear. As such, any particular modifications, including distortion or deviation (vibhava) of affective, cognitive, etc. (darshanadi) qualities of self, are transitory, impermanent or "occasional", 105
In view of the clear-cut statements cited above, the modification (paryaya) is (ananya, PS 114), i.e. not separate or different from the substance/entity, which is the substratum (ashrya, PS 93 AC) of that modification. The modification(s) exist within the substance. There is a necessary concomitance (avinabhava) of origination, annihilation and persistence or stability. Indeed, they depend on modification, which are parts (ansha). These modifications, in turn, depend on, rest upon or are sustained by substance. Hence, all these are only substance which is the union, combination or aggregate (samudaya) of all these (PS 101 AC). The necessary concomitance (avinabhava) or inseparability of the three constituents of a substance is described in Pravachanasara 100-103.
The substance undergoes modifications by itself, including evolution from one quality into another (gunantara), i.e. quality-modification or modification of quality (guna paryaya). However, the essential nature/characteristic of a substance (e.g. consciousness-as-such or sentiency (chetana)) persists (sat avasthitam, PS 99 or sat vishishtam (PS 104). In other words, jiva (the self or soul) substance, invariably subsists or remains as the background or forms the substratum of all