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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra
www.kobatirth.org
Acharya Shri Kailashsagarsuri Gyanmandir
CHAPTER VI
NYAYA-VAIŠESIKA
The Nyāya-Vais'esika systems of Indian Philosophy are known as theistic systems (āstika ) as against the atheistic schools of Cārvākism, Buddhism, Jainism and Pūrva-Mīmāṁsā. They believe in the Vedas, but at the same time give a new cosmology. They believe that the world is created by God out of the eternally existing atoms. The Nyāya-Vais'esika systems are ancient systems, at least as old as Buddhism. S. Dasgupta holds that they are by all means pre-Buddhistic. The two systems had been originated by two different philosophers. The Nyāya system has been associated with Gotama and the Vais'esika with Kaņāda. The first and the original work on the Nyāya is traced to Gotama, and he is taken to be the first propounder and the originator of this system. Later on various commentators like Vātsyāyana, Udyotakara, Prasastapāda, Visvanatha, Ganges'a, etc., wrote commentaries on the original Nyāya and Vais'eșika Sūtras. These two systems are thought of together and are taken as very similar because they believe in the eternity of the atoms which are the constituent cause of the universe. They believe that there are many ultimate principles:
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