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1452
1688
BAIJNATH.-Hinduism: Ancient and Modern, Meerut, 1905.
Pp. 130-131. Jainism-A branch of Hinduism.
1689
J. M. MITCHELL- The Great Religions of India'. Edinburgh and London, 1905.
P. 19. Principle of Jainism; the respect of life down to its lowest manifestations. The Jaina temples. Number of the Jains; their principal professions.
Pp. 204-208. Short explanation of Jainism. The two great Jaina sects. Geography of Jainism. Asceticism and cult. Literary and scientific culture of the Jains. The recent Svetämbara Congress in Rajputana (1903) and at Bombay (1904).
JAINA BIBLIOGRAPHY
1690
C. F. OLDHAM-The Sun and the Serpent. London, 1905.
Pp. 172-181. Both Buddhist and Jain systems closely connected with the Sun and the Serpent. Each of these forms of religion arose or found their chief supporters, amongst Solar tribes who had come but little under Brahmanical influence. The Purana version that Buddhism and Jainism originated amongst the Asuras-OriginLegend ancient, as later sects of white-robed Jains not mentioned. Jain devotees called rati-Term siddha for the deified ascetics-Jains in existence before Buddha. All the twenty-four Tirthankaras, or deified anchorities of the Jains, were Kshatriyas, and all but two were of the Solar race of Ikṣvāku-Close connection as such with the Sun and the Serpent. The last of the Tirthankaras was Vardhamana or Mahavira who was a contemporary of Sakya Buddha. He was related by marriage to Bimbisära, Raja of Magadha. By permission of his elder brother, Vardhamana became an ascetic; he went naked; after twelve years he became a Jina or Tirthankara; after his death, he became a Siddha-Pärśa, who preceded Mahävira, was a son of the Raja of Benares. He is represented with the hoods of a seven-headed Naga expanded over his head-Sculptured representations of Naga at Jaina temples.
Jain Education International
1691
F. R. HORRNLE-Origine at premiers developments du Jainisme-Translated from English by A. GUERINOT. (Museon, Nouvelle Serie, Vol. VII, Pp. 109-134). Louvain, 1906.
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