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(āśarva) because of our physico-mental activities. Meditation is one of the best means or efforts to stop or at least reduce the influx of karma-particles, which cover the potentialities of the soul. Therefore, while thinking of meditation one's total mental and psychic activities are taken into account and therefore meditation (dhyāna) is divided into the following four kinds :
1) Ārtadhyāna and . 2) Raudra dhyāna, ( these two are called aprašasta
dhyānas ), 3) Dharmadhyāna and 4) sukladhyāna, (these two are called praśasta
dhyānas).
Artadhyāna includes thoughts and emotions or even passions arising out of:
a) anxiety of avoiding or overthrowing the preassociated but undesirable objects, (anista-sani yoga) including unwanted persons;
b) anxiety or mental discomposure due to fear of parting or losing or actually parting or losing agreeable and dear objects (ista -viyoga);
c) distress or worry of mind, caused by diseased
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