________________
118
TIRTHANKARA MAHAVIRA AND HIS SARVODAYA TIRTHA
A detailed study of this has been made by Pandit Todarmal which is highlighted below:
1. Right determination is niscaya and determination with
upacāra is vyavahāra.
To state the nature of a thing in its own term is niscaya and in term of another, by upacāra, is vyavahāra.
3. When the transformation of an object is stated to be
the transformation of that object, it is niscaya; and when stated in terms of another is vyavahāra.
4. Niscaya naya considers own object, another's object and
their respective nature without mixing them up, while vyavahāra naya considers them by mixing up.144
Hence, niscaya naya gives the true meaning and vyavahāra naya untrue meaning. Samayasära Gāthā, its commentary and Puruşārthasıddhyupāya, śloka 5, state as follows:
Niscaya naya gives the true meaning because it reveals the true nature of things; vyavahara naya is its reverse For instance, the former would say: The soul and the body are different, while the latter would say, they are the same 14
Vyavahāra naya stands for prohibited; Niscaya naya is prohibitor Cf. Pancādhyāyī:146
“Vyavahāra naya tenders a wrong advice and hence is untrue, worthy to take precaution against. Hence one who depends on vyavahāra naya is considıred to be a man with false outlook. In contrast, niscaya naya is itself the bhūtārtha, hence without alternative, which can be rightly felt or seen; it is the right outlook and hence effective. Hence niscaya naya is wholesome
144 Mok samārga Prakasaka, p. 248-57. 145 vavaharanayo bhāsadı jibo deho ya havadı khalu ikko na du nicchayassa jīvo deho ya kadavı ekattho
--Samayasāra, Gatha, 27. 146 evam vavahäranao padısıddho jāna nicchayanayena
-Samayasara, Gatha, 272.
