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Inatraputra". He was called Nirgrantha because he was outwardly unclothed and inwardly free from all attachments, bonds and ties. As a Shramana, he meditated day and night unmoved and unperturbed, exerting himself strenuously to overpower his lower nature. Well-controlled, he bore all calamities and different kinds of hardships. He wandered about speaking but little. When ill-treated he absorbed himself in holy meditation, free from resentment. He endured his suffering with calm. Once on a dark and dismal night, he happened to be meditating in the awsome cremation ground of Ujjain. It was not casy for the boldest man to stay there, yet Mahavira stood lost in self-contemplation at that spot. Suddenly there appcared a fcrocious person called Rudra, who began to disturb and hurt him. He tricd to make his brutal force to prevail against the Divinc Hero, but Mahavira was not in the Icast perturbed. In the end the divinc serenity of Mahavira changed the heart of Rudra. He fell at his feet and begged his pardon and protection.
After twelve years of penance and meditation, Mahavira attained to omniscience at the age of fortytwo. As a world Tcacher he lived thereafter for thirty years and preached his religion of Universal Love and Mercy. He was now a JINA (Conquero:) and an Arha: (Adorable). He know and saw
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