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Self and Notself-they
bers of a complex Whole.
lises itself. All this we call Object () in order to indicate its distinction and its relation to the Subject (a) for which it exists. We call it by this name also to indicate that we are obliged to think of it as one whole, one world, all of whose parts are but memare embraced in one connection of space and all whose changes take place in one connection of time. All these elements or parts and changes therefore make up the elements in one whole and in one system and modern science teaches us to regard them all as connected together by of links of causation. There is again only one thing which stands over against this complex whole of existence and refuses to be regarded simply as a part of the system and that is the Ego, the Subject or the Self for which it exists for the primary condition of the existence of such Subject is that it should distinguish itself from the Object as such, from each object and from the whole system of objects. Hence strictly speaking there is only one Subject and one Object for us; for in opposition to the Subject, the totality
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