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dra v y á di
lie around it. Thus it is evident that a finite thing asserts its own individuality in and through (i) its own substance (aza); (ii) its own period of existence in time ( ra); (iii) its own locality of existence in space (car); and (iv) its own mode of existence (Ha). And these are the four particularis. ing elements which the sadravyddi gråhaka naya deals with.
(iii) Paradravyádi gråhaka--is the negative method of studying the metaphi- (iii) Paracal aspect of a finite thing with the light of grån a k awhat is other than itself. Every finite thing, because it is finite, must stand in relation to what gives limit to it by reason of which the distinction, determination and finitude of the thing is marked out from its surroundings contributing to the individuality of the same. To amplify the import, a particular thing surely stands in relation to other things in its neighbourhood in sharp contrast to the four particularising elements of which the individuality of the thing in question is marked out. Now when the particularising elements of these others which surround the thing in question,
