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INTRODUCTION · As the layinns published in this volume address themselves to Tīrthañkaras, and contain allusions to not generally known ideas connected with the latter and with their background, a few of the main features which Jaina Hagiography teaches about them, are memorized below.
It must be remembered that according to Jaina Cosmography, the world of human beings', situated between the worlds of the gods on top, and the hells below, forms the centre of a pattern of ring-shaped islands, alternating with oceans, of steadily increasing circumference, which are concentrically arranged around the disk-shaped " Jambu-vība". The ocean immediately surrounding the latter is "Lavanoda”, the “Salt-sea”. Next comes the ring-island of “Dhāțaki-khanda", which the "Kūloda" or "Black Sea" surrounds. Then follows the island-world of "Puşkaravara-dvipa", and the further countless ring-oceans and ring-worlds, up to "Svayambhūramaņa-samudra", the outerinost and therefore largest of the oceans, which is alluded to in the Munisuvrata-stavana published below (st. 21) as "caramajaladhi", and in the Sīmandhara-stavana (st. 2) as "carama-sayara". The latter is immediately adjacent to the "Aloka”, and thus forms the end of the world in the horizontal dimensions.
(1) Tattv. III, 7 f., Tikā, p. 248 ff.
