Ratnamuni Smruti Granth

SR No.: 010772
Original Sutra Author: N/A
Author: Vijaymuni Shastri, Harishankar Sharma
Publisher: Gurudev Smruti Granth Samiti
Publication Year: 1964
Total Pages: 687
Language: Hindi
Classification: Book_Devnagari
File Size: 21 MB

Page 648

GURUDEVA SMRITI GRANTHA
the research and development expenditure in countries which have passed the "takeoff' stage 10 science has been increasing very rapidly during recent decades : the doubliog period is less than 10 years About 20 years ago the USA, Government and Industry, spent about 05 per cent of GNP on research and development-it was 0 1 per cent in 1920 (In 1940 the Government spent $ 74 million, and $ 2 billion in 1953, on Rand D)
The UK Government in 1939 spent on scientific research £35 million ;the current figure is £ 45 million, representing a four-fold increase in real terms The total expenditure by government and industry on research and development was £ 300 million 10 1956 and £ 630 million in 1962—a rise from 17 per cent of the GNP to 2.7 per cent. The present research and development budget exceeds the total government budget of some decades ago In 1909 the total budget was about £ 150 million.
We can have more research only when there are more men to do it. In the USA the number of professionally qualified scientists and engineers constitute about 1.5 per cent of the population (In 1940 the percentage was 0 6 only. By 1970 it is expected to be 2 per cent) There is a close and direct connection between the percentage of national income spent on research and development and the number of scientists and technologists expressed as a percentage of the total population. We cannot have one high and the other low without leading ot inefficiency and wastage. To do more science we need more scientists Investment on science and investment on man go together (Figure 1). This brings us to the third major characteristic of the Scientific Revolution.
Science and Humanism
In the early days of the Scientific Revolution science had hardly any place in the universities though there were some individual contnbutions of the highest rank Science was often sneered at and its votaries held to ridicule. Steele wrote 10 The Tatler commenting on a paper on a brainless child, published in the Transactions of the Royal Society, that it was a pity the child did not live long enough for, otherwise, he would have made a fit President of the Royal Society. To believe in magic and sorcery was an index of progressive views Medical astrology was regarded as the crown of medical science. Objective and verifiable knowledge of nature which could liberate man's miod from superstition, fear and shackles of authority was lacking. The reigning subjects in the universities at the time were theology, grammar, rhetoric and astrology With the progress of the Scientific Revolution 'scence found its way into the universities, but it had to meet with opposition and it was admitted reluce