Ratnakarandaka Shravakachara

SR No.: 010669
Original Sutra Author: N/A
Author: Jugalkishor Mukhtar
Publisher: Manikchand Digambar Jain Granthamala Samiti
Publication Year: 1982
Total Pages: 456
Language: Hindi, Sanskrit
Classification: Book_Devnagari
File Size: 7 MB

Page 17

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एक मात्र पथप्रदर्शक होते थे । देशमें उस समय मुनिजनोंकी खासी बहुलत थी और उनका प्रायः हरवक्त का सत्समागम बना रहता था । इससे गृहस्थ लोग धर्मश्रवणके लिये उन्हींके पास जाया करते थे और धर्म की व्याख्याको सुनकर उन्हींसे अपने लिये कभी कोई व्रत, किसी खास व्रत अथवा व्रतसमूहकी याचना किया करते थे । साधुजन भी श्रावकोंको उनके यथेष्ट कर्तव्य कर्मका उपदेश देते थे, उनके याचित व्रतको यदि उचित समझते थे तो उसकी गुरुमंत्रपूर्वक उन्हें दीक्षा देते थे और यदि उनकी शक्ति तथा स्थितियोग्य उसे नहीं पाते थे तो उसका निषेध कर देते थे; साथ ही जिस व्रतादिकका उनके लिये निर्देश करते थे उसके विधिविधानको भी उनकी योग्यताके अनुकूल ही नियंत्रित कर देते थे । इस तरहपर गुरुजनोंके द्वारा धर्मोपदेशको सुनकर धर्मानुष्ठानकी जो कुछ शिक्षा श्रावकों को मिलती थी उसी के अनुसार चलना वे अपना धर्म - अपना कर्तव्यकर्म — समझते थे, उसमें ' चूँचरा ' ( किं, कथमित्यादि) करना उन्हें नहीं आता था, अथवा यों कहिये कि उनकी श्रद्धा और भक्ति उन्हें उस ओर ( संशयमार्गकी तरफ ) जाने ही न देती थी । श्रावकों में सर्वत्र आज्ञाप्रधानताका साम्राज्य स्थापित था और अपनी इस प्रवृत्ति तथा परिणतिके कारण ही वे लोग श्रावक तथा श्राद्धX कहलाते थे । उस वक्त तक श्रावकधर्ममें, अथवा स्वाचार विषयपर श्रावकों में तर्कका प्रायः प्रवेश ही नहीं हुआ था और न नाना आचार्योंका परस्पर इतना मतभेद ही हो पाया था जिसकी व्याख्या करने अथवा जिसका सामंजस्य स्थापित
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* शृणोति गुर्वादिभ्यो धर्ममिति श्रावकः ' ( सा० ध० टी० ) जो गुरु आदिकके मुखसे धर्म श्रवण करता है उसे श्रावक ( सुननेवाला ) कहते हैं । संपत्तदंसणाई पइदियहं जइजणा सुणेई य ।
सामायारिं परमं जो खलु तं सावगं बिन्ति ॥ - श्रावक प्रज्ञप्ति |
जो सम्यग्दर्शनादियुक्त गृहस्थ प्रतिदिन मुनिजनोंके पास जाकर परम सामाचारीको ( साधु तथा गृहस्थोंके आचारविशेषको ) श्रवण करता है उसे 'श्रावक' कहते हैं ।
X श्रद्धासमन्वित अथवा श्रद्धा-गुण-युक्तको 'श्राद्ध' कहते हैं, ऐसा हेमचंद्र तथा श्रीधरसेनादि आचार्योंने प्रतिपादन किया है । मुनिजनोंके आचार-विचार में श्रद्धा रखनेके कारण ही उनके उपासक 'श्राद्ध' कहलाते थे ।

Translation AI Generated

13
There was only one guide. At that time, there was a great abundance of monks in the country, and they were almost always in constant communion. This led householders to go to them for religious instruction, and after listening to the explanation of religion, they would ask them for some vow, a particular vow, or a group of vows for themselves. The holy men also instructed the lay followers in their proper duties, and if they considered their requested vow to be appropriate, they would initiate them with a guru mantra. If they did not find it suitable for their strength and situation, they would forbid it. At the same time, they would regulate the rules and regulations of the vow, etc., according to their ability. In this way, the lay followers understood that the religious practices they received from the teachings of the gurus were their religion, their duty, and their actions. They did not know how to "quibble" (whether, how, etc.), or rather, their faith and devotion did not allow them to go in that direction (towards the path of doubt). Among the lay followers, the reign of obedience was established everywhere, and because of this tendency and its consequences, they were called "Shravaka" and "Shraddha." Until then, there was hardly any entry of logic into the Shravaka Dharma, or the subject of good conduct among the lay followers, nor was there so much difference of opinion among the various Acharyas that it needed to be explained or reconciled.
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* "Shravaka" is one who listens to the Dharma from the mouth of the Guru, etc. (Sa. Dh. T.) "He who listens to the teachings of the Samyagdarshanas, etc., is called a Shravaka."
Samyagdarshanai Paidiyahm Jaijana Sunei Ya.
Samayareem Paramm Jo Khalu Tam Savagam Binti. - Shravaka Prajnapti.
One who is endowed with Samyagdarshan, etc., and who goes to the monks every day and listens to the supreme Samachari (the special conduct of the holy men and householders) is called a "Shravaka."
X "Shraddha" is one who is endowed with faith, or one who is endowed with the quality of faith. This has been stated by Acharyas like Hemachandra and Shridharasena. Because of their faith in the conduct and thoughts of the monks, their devotees were called "Shraddha."