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Xxit
POREWORD
genus move about and rentain without the species which is its support? If that genus is held to be created along with the seation of the pot, in that case generality becomes non-eternal. If the genus is one in all things, then the genus of all things should be seen whenever one of the species is perceived. It is therefore certain that the cognitions of pot, tree, etc. are not caused by the genus which is held to be eternal and one, because they are appearing one after another, and not all at once, which would have been the case if the genus were really one and eternal.
Thus the genus as acknowledged by the Naiydyikas and the Vais'eșikas is refuted here. The generality as accepted by the Jainas, Jaiminiyas and Samkhyas will be refuted in the Syadváda.
XIV. Vis'esapariksa.
Examination of Particularity. 1. Particularity is the fifth category of the Vais'eşikas. Particularity lies in the eternal things, such as space, atoms, etc. and is the cause of knowing them as separate from each other. The eternal things are perceived by the ascetics, and they are helped by particularity to know that each atom differs from the other.
2. Everything is to be known as separate from the other by some special qualities it possesses. We could not know the eternal entities as different from each other had there been no particularity which resides in them.
3. The different particularities do not require anything else to separate them. They possess peculiar powers so as to be known as separate from each other, and they can separate the eternal entities, just as an impure thing which is endowed by nature with impurity has power to impart impurity to others.
Pras'astamati.
Refutation. 1. As it is already established that everything is momentary, there is no possibility of an eternal thing for which these particular rities are necessary.