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FOREWORD
. :: $ 9. SUMMARY OF CONTENTS.
I. Prakrtiparikşå.
Examination of Nature. The Sankhyas hold that from the Primordial Matter the Universe is produced. For this they establish the theory of existent effect in the cause (Satkaryavada) and adduce the follow. ing reasons in its support:
1. All effects must be existent in the cause before production, because otherwise the cause will not be able to produce an effect which has no connection with it. Fixed causes only are able to produce fixed effects. If the effect is not existent in the cause every cause will produce every result. The cause cannot produce an effect which does not exist anywhere. The seeds, etc., can be causes only when they have connection with an effect. The lotus in the sky which has no connection with anything cannot be the cause of an effect.
2. So all this diversified Universe having such feelings as Prasáda, Tậpa and Dainya, leads us to infer its cause in the Prakrti or Primordial Matter endowed with the three qualities, Sattva Rajas and Tamas, because the cause and its effect are always of a similar nature.
Refutation. 1. The theory of existent effect in the cause cannot be proved, because if the effect is already existing in the cause there is no necessity of production, just as Prakrti is not produced by any cause. As all effects are already existing in the cause before production, neither of them can be called as cause or an effect. The effects which are non-existent before production can be produced by the cause which has the power to produce such an effect, but the lotus of the sky, which is a non-entity, cannot produce an effect. Every effect cannot be produced by every cause, because some definite cause has the power to produce some definite result.
2. As there is no similarity and connection between the dause and effect in many instances (for example, the feelings of both