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extroverting. This stimulates the sympathetic nervous system and promotes catabolism (i.e. matter to energy). In yogic terminology it stimulates the pingala nadi. Exhalation throws out carbon dioxide and water vapour; it is pacifying and introverting. This stimulates the parasympathetic nervous system and promotes anabolism (i.e. energy to matter). In yogic terms it stimulates the ida nadi. The rest period between inhalation and exhalation gives stillness and allows the witness attitude to manifest. It also brings about a state of alertness and concentration. At the metabolic level there is utilization of energy and the newly built matter is utilized for different purposes: physical, mental and spiritual. In yogic terms it stimulates the sushumna nadi.
Factors influencing respiration: The rate and depth of respiration are regulated by such factors as extended exercise (where metabolic activity is increased), emotions (e.g. fear or fright), pain or sensory impulses (e.g. when the body is plunged into cold water). Breathing may be modified by the higher centres in the brain by speech and singing, emotional displays such as crying, laughing, drugs, sedatives and alcohol, and sleep. Temperature also influences breathing: in fever respiration is increased due to increased metabolic rate, while in hypothermia it is depressed, as is metabolism. Temporary changes in respiration also occur while swallowing, sneezing and coughing.
Normally, quiet breathing is adequate to maintain arterial oxygen and carbon dioxide levels. However, the rate and depth of breathing increase in strenuous exercise, increasing oxygen uptake and carbon dioxide expulsion in order to meet increased needs and maintain homeostasis. The HeringBreuer reflex prevents over-inflation of the lungs. Stretch receptors situated in the thoracic wall generate nerve inhibitory impulses when the lungs have inflated. They travel via the vagus nerves to the respiratory centre. Effective control of respiration enables the body to maintain homeostasis of blood gases over a wide range of physiological, environmental and pathological conditions.
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| SR No. | 009371 |
| Book Title | Pran and Pranayam |
| Original Sutra Author | N/A |
| Author | Niranjananand Saraswati Swami |
| Publisher | Yoga Publication Trust |
| Publication Year | 2009 |
| Total Pages | 369 |
| Language | Hindi |
| Classification | Book_Devnagari |
| File Size | 11 MB |