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SOURCE OF ILLUMINATION (35) The empirical point of view (or the Vyavahāra-naya) is fragmentary i. e. it does take a thing as whole but concentrates on its units only. The opposite of it is called the real view-point which takes a comprehensive view and takes into consideration the thing as a whole.
(36) From the stand-point of vyavahāra-naya it is said that a knower is possessed of conduct, faith and knowledge, but in fact (that is, from the stand-pointof niscaya-naya) he possesses neither knowledge nor conduct, nor faith but is purely of the form of a knower.
(37) Know that the empirical point of view is contradicted by the real point of view. The saints who take recourse to the real point of view (Niscaya-Naya) attain salvation.
(38) Just as it is impossible to explain things to a non-Arya without taking recourse to a non-Aryan language, similarly it is impossible to explain the ultimate truth without taking recourse to vyavahāra-naya.
(39) It is said that the empirical point of view does not explain reality as it is, while the real point of view explains it as it is. He who takes recourse to the reality as it is, attains the right faith.
(40) Those who have recourse to the real point of view only and does not know it correctly, being negligent regarding to the minor rule of external conduct spoil the whole discipline i.e. major and minor code of conduct
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