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ON SOME NONCANONICAL SUBHĀŞITAgnomic sayings both on morality and on wordly wisdom.' 17. From this short outline of the Jaina subhāșita-literature we can see that the so-called Jaina subhāṣita-saṁgraha-s, although collected by Jaina authors, habitually with invocations to Jina, were usually collections of stray verses not culled from Jaina authors, but from non-Jinistic sources, as well as from the floating mass of oral tradition and as such were of general application and character, while the didactic poems written by individual Jaina authors, either in Sanskrit, or in Prākrit or in Apabhransa were (with some exceptions only) specifically of Jaina character.
1.
To this category belong in the first place the narrative works e.g. the numerous Pārsvanāth a-caritra-s (carita-s); the extensive encyclopaedic work Vivek a vilās a by Jinadatta (published in Benares in 1875); the work is divided into 12 ullāsa-s some of which contain numerous highly moral and gnomic verses; Jinadatta was the pupil of Räsila and Jivadeva from Vāyada, lived probably in the first half of the thirteenth century (cf. R. G. BHANDARKAR's Report, 1882-3, p. 42 and 1884, pp. 156 and 464; E. HULTZSCH's Report III 128; No. 2088; Berichte des VII. Internationalen Orientalisten Congresses, pp. 65 sqq.); his subhasrta-verses contain mostly Jinistic teachings; the Prakrit Kuvalayamala (edited and supplied with a comprehensive introduction by A. N. Upadhye in SJS. 45 and 33; p. 78) where we find some Sanskrit subhasita, otherwise unknown; as well as the Ā bhāņa sa ta ka-s.
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