Mahavira and his Teaching

SR No.: 008019
Original Sutra Author: N/A
Author: C C Shah, Rishabhdas Ranka, Dalsukh Malvania
Publisher: Bhagwan Mahavir 2500th Nirvan Mahotsava Samiti
Publication Year: 1977
Total Pages: 509
Language: English
Classification: Book_English, Biography, Religion, & Principle
File Size: 12 MB

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446
ANAND KRISHNA
(paune do caşma) faces invariably having the farther eye (acc. nos. 4894 and 4897 not illustrated here or acc. no. 4895, fig. 9; no. 4893, fig. 10; no. 4898, fig. 11 and no. 4899, fig. 12). These instances leave no doubt about the wide prevalence of the farther eye in this group of illustrations in treatment they resemble the type already seen in the Lakśmaņa Sena manuscript.
The Kala Bhavan collection has another group of stray four illustrated and stray leaves of a Durga Patha manuscript, which on the styslistic grounds can ve attributed to the fourteenthfifteenth centuries. Here again, we find the above tradition of the farther-eye which in its half closed variety compares well to the eye type of their counter part in the illustrated manuscript of 1446 A.D. in the Cambridge University Library2 and painted in Magadha, yet the latter shows a based type of the same tradition. It is likely that the Magadha artists were copying the above Nepalese form on a folk level. On the other hand, the Swali manuscript of Karandavyuha has the broad projecting eyes as found in the Bodh Gaya engravings, discussed below, Thus, we can distinguish two distinct sub-varieties of the eye-treatments from the same group.
Referring back to the four stray illustrated leaves of the Durga Patha, we find that like the previous manuscript illustrations, here too, the scenes are surcharged with sensitive expressions. We have not reproduced the folio showing the Deví, having grasped him by his hair is about to cut off the Rakṣasas head (acc. no. 9518) nor the folio showing the enthroned Devi (acc. no. 9521). In the former example the farther eye is clearly shown. The two illustrations published here, show devotees praying to the Devi, as they sit under the pedestal (acc. no. 9519, fig. 13). All the human figures bear the farther-eye, which is distinctly delineated and some of them being broad and staring eyes, compare to their western Indian counterparts.3 The other 1-2. P. Pal, loc. cit.
3.
Moti Chandra, Jain Miniature Paintings from Western India, Ahmedabad 1949 pl. 9, Muni Punyavijayaji, Jaisalmer ni Citra Samṛddhi, 1951 fig. 4