ISJS Jainism Study Notes E5 Vol 04

SR No.: 007719
Original Sutra Author: N/A
Author: International School for Jain Studies
Publisher: International School for Jain Studies
Publication Year: 2011
Total Pages: 567
Language: English
Classification: Book_English
File Size: 15 MB

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colour less (non-material). These are also without activity. There are innumerable points of space in the medium of motion, the medium of rest. They are located in the space of universe 12 and pervade the entire universe-space.
It is important to note that both these principles of motion and rest are the efficient cause (nimitta) only for the entities to be in these states. They, on their own do not encourage or cause these entities to move or rest. This point is very emphatically clarified in all texts of Jain philosophy e.g. Dravya Sa grah in both g th s (12 and 13) say 'accha t eva so e' and 'gaccha t eva so dharadi' on the subject clearly say so.
प्र
D. k a or space
The entity, which provides space for all jva and matter, is called k a or space. It is also one in number and omnipresent through cosmos and beyond. Even though it is one in number, yet from the point of view of six substance types, it is divided in two conceptual parts, namely lok k a and alok k a. Lok k a is the space where all the substances are found. It is surrounded by an infinite space called alok k a which is like void i.e. no other substance exists there except just space. To give an example, consider a glass half full with milk. Then in speaking terms one can say that this glass is with milk and this glass is without milk to give a feeling that there are two glasses though only one glass exists. Similarly k a is just one but divided in two parts for the sake of understanding and function.
E. K la or Time.
The entity, which supports transformation or change taking place in living beings and matter, is called k la or time. It is also non-concrete and in innumerable in number. Time also is a non-living being substance. It has no body as it occupies only one space point and has no extension or body. Still it is classified as a substance as it has the essential characteristics of substance namely origination, destruction and permanence and that which is an aggregate of qualities and modes. Both these characteristics also apply to time. Transformation in the substance cannot be conceived without the presence of time.
Vartan pari makriya Paratv paratve ca K lasya (TS/V/22)
Like jewels, it is spread throughout space (lok k a). From practical viewpoint, it is denoted as year, month, week, day, and hour, minute; second etc but these are all modes of k la. It is through time that changes are reflected in the other substances. This proves the importance of time. This fact itself proves existence of k la. In vet mbara texts, generally they do not consider k la as substance but because of its usefulness, sometimes they do accept k la as substance also. Primary attributes of time are assisting substances in their continuous transformation; modifications, in their priority and non-priority in time etc. From practical viewpoint time is expressed in terms of year, month, day, hour ad minute etc. Smallest unit of time is called samaya (infinitely small part of time) in Jain texts. And it consists of infinite instants -
So (a) nantasamayah (TS/V/40)
2.3 Classifications of dravya
Substances can be classified or grouped in two classes based on their similar attributes. The most prominent classification is as sentient (j va) and insentient (aj va). Similarly substances are classified as concrete and non-concrete or active (sakriya) and passive (nişkriya) or svadravya and pardravya as below.
1. Concrete and non concrete: Only matter is concrete rest all substance types are non concrete.
2. Active and passive: Only j va and matter are active and the remaining four are passive or supporting in nature.
3. Sva-dravya (self-same) and par-dravya (others): This classification is seen in spiritual texts only where the soul/ tm is svadravya and all other living beings and other substance types
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STUDY NOTES version 4.0