________________
INTERNATION
SCHOOL
OF
SELF STUDY IS THE
SUPREME AUSTERITY
STUDIES
6.2.1. The twelve types of Penance (austerities) It is of two kinds:
1. External Austerities (Penance)
There are six types of external austerities25_
1 Anaśana
fasting
2 Avamodarya
reducing the diet
3 Vṛttiparisarkhyāna special restrictions for begging food
4 Rasaparityaga
giving up stimulating and delicious dishes
5 Viviktaśayyāsana lonely habitation
6 Kayaklesa
mortification of the body
These are called external, as these are dependent on external things and can be seen by others.
2. Internal Austerities (Penances)
There are six types of internal austerities26 -
1 Prāyaścitta Expiation
2 Vinaya Reverence
3 Vaiyāvṛitti Service
4 Svädhyāya Study of Agamās
5 Vyutsarga Renunciation
6 Dhyana
Meditation
These are called Internal because these are development on internal things and can be experienced by the practitioner only.
The soul regains its purity after the Karmas have fallen of either due to enjoyment or destruction. Acārya Kundakunda has dealt with this subject in verses 144 to 146 of the Pañcāstikāya. According to him, a person who has practiced a number of austerities and observed rules for the purifications of his activities will be able to shed away many of his
25 Tattvärtha-sutra, IX.19 26 Ibid, IX.20
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STUDY NOTES version 5.0
