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Births can be of three types namely garbhaja (i.e. born out womb of female) and upapāda (of heavenly and hellish beings) and sammūrchana (spontaneous generation).
Gross bodies are of five types namely matter, celestial, communication, electric and kārmaņa. These are in the order of their being gross to subtler state. At any time a living being can have four bodies at a time. Mostly they have kārmaņa and electric plus matter or celestial.
3rd Adhyāya: In this chapter there is a discussion of the nether world (hells) and the middle world. There is a description of 7 layers of hells4 where the souls live a long life of pain and suffering. There is also the description of the middle worlds, which consists of concentric rings of continents and oceans with Bharat, Airāvata, and Videha etc as continents and Ganga, Sindhu etc as the rivers.
4th Adhyāya: There are four kinds of celestial beings 6 namely Bhavanavāsi (residential), Vyantara (peripatetic), Jyotişī (stellar or luminary) and Vaimāniki (heavenly beings). There are further subdivided into 10, 8, 5 and 16 sub types respectively. Again there are further sub classifications in each sub type. Details of all these are given in commentaries of Tattvārthasūtra and Trilokasāra etc.
5th Adhyāya: This chapter describes insentient (ajīva) beings as the first four chapters talk of sentient beings (jīva)?. Ajīva is of five types namely pudgala (matter), dharma (principle of motion), adharma (principle of rest), ākāśa (space) and kāla (time). Matter is concrete and the rest are non- concrete. Dharma, adharma and ākāśa are one each in number while matter is infinite and time is innumerable in number. All jīvas cooperate with each other. Body, speech, mind, breathe are all matter and results of cooperation between matter and jīva.
3 Tattvārtha-sūtra- 111/1 * Ibid 111/2 5 lbid 111/-7-18 6 lbid IV/-11-20
Ibid VI-1
STUDY NOTES version 5.0
Page 369 of 385
| SR No. | 007712 |
| Book Title | ISJS Jainism Study Notes E5 Vol 02 |
| Original Sutra Author | N/A |
| Author | International School for Jain Studies |
| Publisher | International School for Jain Studies |
| Publication Year | 2012 |
| Total Pages | 404 |
| Language | English |
| Classification | Book_English |
| File Size | 13 MB |