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B.4.3.2
Meditation (Dhyana) Dr. Sushma Singhvi
Types of Dhyana
Tattvärtha-sūtra1 has classified Dhyana into four categories:
1. Ārta
2. Raudra
3. Dharma
4. Sukla
1. Arta Dhyana2
This Dhyana has been further classified under four heads:
1. Anista-samyogaja,
2. Ista-viyogaja,
3. Vedana-janita
4. Nidana-janita
INTERNATIO
1 Tattvärthasūtra Umāsvāti, IX/29
2 Ibid. IX 31
SCHOOL
As a means of self-realization, Meditation holds the supreme position. In fact, all ethical disciplines aim at perfect state of meditation. The conception of state of meditation differs from one system to another, but they all agree regarding the importance of meditation. Dhyana is one of the forms of internal penance is defined in the Tattvärtha-sūtra as the concentration of thought on a single object for up to one muhurta (48 minutes)'. It may be of four types, the first and the second being inauspicious and the third and fourth being auspicious.
STUDY NOTES version 5.0
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SELF STUDY IS THE SUPREME AUSTERITY
Farenga
परम
The first two are inauspicious and the last two are auspicious. The last two types of Dhyana are said to lead to liberation.
तप
STUDIES A
As it is clear from the names of these Arta Dhyana, all of them are connected with worries emanating from worldly objects. Anista-samyogaja relates to anxiety to remove the undesirable objects like poison, thorn, enemy, weapon, etc. The opposite of it is Istaviyogaja where one thinks of means of attaining such desirable objects as son, wife or wealth in their absence. Vedana-janita ārta Dhyana is connected with anxiety for finding
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