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PT. II. SECT. VII.
THE WRITINGS OF KWANG-3ZE.
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the world not in the same way, but the fame that has accrued to them is the same. How is it that you alone consider that they were not sages ?' 'Come forward a little, my son. Why do you say that (their government) was not the same?' 'Yâo,' was the reply, 'gave the kingdom to Shun, and Shun gave it to Yü. Yü had recourse to his strength, and Thang to the force of arms. King Wăn was obedient to Kâu (-hsin), and did not dare to rebel ; king wa rebelled against Kâu, and would not submit to him. And I say that their methods were not the same.' Lão Tan said, 'Come a little more forward, my son, and I will tell you how the Three Hwangs and the Five Tîs' ruled the world. HwangTi ruled it, so as to make the minds of the people all conformed to the One (simplicity). If the parents of one of them died, and he did not wail, no one blamed him. Yâo ruled it so as to cause the hearts of the people to cherish relative affection. If any, however, made the observances on the death of other members of their kindred less than those for their parents, no one blamed them a. Shun ruled it, so as to produce a feeling of rivalry in the minds of the people. Their wives gave birth to their children in the tenth month of their pregnancy, but those children could speak at five months; and before they were three years old, they began to call people by their surnames and names. Then it was that men began to die prematurely. Yü ruled it, so as to cause the minds of the people to become changed. Men's minds became scheming, and they
1 See note 2, preceding page.
2 Referring to some abuses, contrary to the doctrine of relationship.
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