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BK. XLIV.
• YEN 1.
455
and were made to attend to the cultivation of virtuous ways. In spring, (the sha-zze) assembled them in the college ; and in autumn, in the archery (hall), that he might examine into their proficiency, and advanced or degraded them accordingly.
2. The meaning of the ceremony of the banquet at the feudal courts (may be thus described) :--The ruler stood on the south-east of his own) steps on the east, having his face towards the south, fronting the ministers or dignitaries who were nearest to him. They and all the other) Great officers came forward a little, taking each his proper station. The ruler's mat is placed at the top of the eastern steps :—there is the station of the host. The ruler alone goes up and stands on his mat; with his face to the west he stands there by himself :showing that no one presumes to place himself on a par with him.
3. Guests and host having been arranged, according to the rules for the ceremony of drinking in the country districts, (the ruler) makes his chief cook act for him in presenting (the cup): -a minister may not presume to take on himself any usage proper to the ruler. None of the (three) kung and no high minister has the place of a guest ; but the Great officers are among the guests,-because of the doubts that might arise, and to show the jealousy (which such great men in that position might create).
When the guests have entered to the middle of the courtyard, the ruler descends a step and bows to them :-thus courteously receiving them.
4. The ruler sends the cup round among the guests in order; and when he has given a special çup to
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