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Jainism : The Eternal and Universal path for Enlightenment
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from the famous two-slit experiment (Fig 7.2) which is the backbone of quantum mechanics and particle-wave duality.
Quantum numbers:
Besides, the normal properties like mass, electrical charge, motion etc, the elementary particles have several other attributes which are denoted by Quantum numbers. These quantum numbers do not change continuously but in steps i.e. in multiples of simple numbers like 1 or 1/2, a concept of the quantum theory. Since we are venturing into the unknown territory of physics, names have been given at the fancy of the discoverer and should not be interpreted in terms of their literal meaning. Thus spin may not mean spin in the ordinary sense and there are quantum numbers like isospin, and positional (e.g. orbital) quantum numbers. Quarks, leptons and gluons are currently considered to be the basic building blocks out of which all the matter of the physical world is made. Protons, electrons and neutrons are now thought of as being built from six quarks and six leptons. The current particle models due to Gell-mann and others indicate three generations of quarks and leptons. Leptons include electron like particles, sometimes called mesons and the associated mass-less, or low mass neutrinos. First generation
Quarks: down and up quarks
Leptons: electron (e) and its neutrino (V.) Second generation
Quarks: strange and charm quarks
Leptons: mu meson (u) and its neutrino (V)
Third generation
Quarks: bottom and top quarks
Leptons: Tau (T) and its neutrino (v.)
These six quarks come in three colours (red, blue and yellow) making them 18 in all. The 18 quarks and the six leptons (and their antiparticles) sum up to 48. Gluons act as their carriers and there are eight of them. To this when we add the carriers of electromagnetic force i.e. photons, W+bosons and Zo, the total goes to 60. These
